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                <text>Taishōgoto (大正琴) Nagoya harp</text>
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                <text>Japanese musical instruments</text>
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                <text>Rectangular shaped wooden zither (with dark stained lacquer).  Circular hole in resonator. Three copper strings stretched over concealed 'finger' board with 23 metal frets. 23 keys (with English numerals). Resonator and exposed strings (for strumming) are at the right hand end of the instrument. Blue plectrum inside resonator. Chinese characters in fret cover translate as 'stringed musical instrument'. (gold coloured paint/stain). Symbols inside body. Size: 6 x 61.7 x 13 cm</text>
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                <text>Unknown maker, Japan</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>c.1950</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum</text>
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                <text>Dolls used by Mona McBurney for her opera The Dalmatian (c. 1926)</text>
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                <text>Opera; minatures; stage design; The Dalmatian; Mona McBurney Collection; Multivocal exhibition Old Quad</text>
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                <text>The Dalmation was the first opera written by a woman to be performed in Australia. Its libretto was adapted from F. Marion Crawford’s novel, Marietta: A Maid of Venice. Excerpts were performed in late 1910, and the first full performance was given in 1926. As scholar Louise Jenkins has observed, ‘The opera stands as proof of the benefits that can be reaped when society provides equal encouragement, support and opportunity for men and women in their musical endeavours.’ The score of the opera The Dalmatian is held by the Grainger Museum. Conservation treatments on the McBurney Collection, to prepare the objects for display in the exhibition Multivocal (2020-2021), have been generously funded by Julia and Kevin Selby.</text>
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                <text>Unknown makers</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum Collection, University of Melbourne. Gift of the McBurney family, 1985.</text>
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                <text>c. 1910s-1920s</text>
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                <text>02.0703, 02.0704, 02.0707</text>
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                <text>Newspaper clipping of Karlheinz Stockhausen in Australia,  1970</text>
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                <text>Electronic Music</text>
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                <text>German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen  visited Australia for ten days in April 1970. He gave concert-lectures on electronic music around the country, including three programs in Wilson Hall, at the University of Melbourne. Delivered through a battery of speakers, Stockhausen’s electronic music ‘transformed Wilson Hall into a vast and sometimes terrifying acoustic cave’, according to a local newspaper. Performances included his Telemusik (1966). The Grainger Centre electronic music enthusiasts, including Keith Humble, Ian Bonighton and Agnes Dodds, helped set up Wilson Hall with the electronic equipment. Stockhausen was apparently very demanding, and Wilson Hall was not the ideal venue, with not enough powerpoints for all the equipment.</text>
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                <text>Unknown newspaper and photographer</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum Archive, 2017/23-9/8</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>1970</text>
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                <text>Kangaroo-pouch Tone-tool Free Music experiment created by Percy Grainger and Burnett Cross, on display in the Grainger Museum, University of Melbourne</text>
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                <text>This photograph shows the Grainger and Cross's Kangaroo Pouch Tone Tool Free Music machine installed in the Grainger Museum, probably in the late 1950s. The machine was not fully complete when it was installed, and Cross visited the Grainger Museum after Percy Grainger's death to complete the instrument so that it could make sound. Cross recorded an interview with ABC Weekend television in 1976, which included footage of the instrument being played in the Museum. </text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer</text>
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                <text>After 1955</text>
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                <text>Cross-Grainger experiments 1950: ‘Sea-Song’ sketch, 3 Solovoxes played by Pianola Roll.</text>
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                <text>Cross-Grainger experiments </text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer, Cross-Grainger experiments 1950: ‘Sea-Song’ sketch, 3 Solovoxes played by Pianola Roll, 1950&#13;
&#13;
Graphic reproduction of original photograph&#13;
&#13;
Grainger Museum Archive, 99.5700&#13;
&#13;
Grainger’s experimentation in electronic sound led him to investigate the capacity of the Hammond Solovox, which was manufactured between 1940 and 1948. The Solovox was a monophonic keyboard attachment instrument, which connected to an electronic sound generation box, amplifier and speaker. Grainger rigged up three of these instruments with his Duo-Art piano to explore electronic means of creating Free Music. In this experiment, he hand-cut a piano roll with a fragment of his Sea Song sketch (1907, 1922). The action of the piano keys pulled down the keys on each of the Solovoxes, which were tuned a fraction of a semi-tone apart. The effect, which you can hear on the recording he made of the experiments in February 1950, is quite eerie.&#13;
&#13;
In these electronic experiments, Grainger anticipated multitrack recording, sequencing, and interactive performance with sequencers. Electronic keyboard instruments, like the Solovox, sat in a middle ground of electronic music production, being the electronic reproduction of conventional musical sounds. Grainger’s experiments tried to stretch the capabilities of the electronic organ into the realm of the synthesizer, which had a far wider range of possible sounds and sonic textures.</text>
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                <text>The Grainger Museum experimental music displays and workshops</text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer, probably Robert Hyner.  The Grainger Museum experimental music displays and workshops, c.1966–67&#13;
&#13;
Grainger Museum Collection, Robert Hyner.&#13;
&#13;
When he arrived at the Grainger Museum in 1966, Humble worked with Grainger curator Robert Hyner to source and display a rich collection of contemporary music scores. These included music by contemporary Australian composers such as Margaret Sutherland, George Dreyfus and Dorian Le Gallienne, and international avant-garde composers. The display was intended to attract experimental composers and researchers to the Grainger Museum. Hyner noted that the visitors to the Museum in that period ‘were very interested in Percy of course, but they were also interested in [the scores] ... We had an enormous collection’.&#13;
&#13;
Humble ran children’s workshops on Saturdays in the Museum in 1967, encouraging young participants to learn about music through experimentation and improvisation. He believed that ‘all education was subversive’, and felt a great responsibility for his students of any age. The children’s workshops were primarily educational, but were also a way of gathering raw sonic material for Humble’s Musique concrète compositions, such as Music for Monuments (1967). Ian Bonighton assisted Humble with the Saturday morning classes, and can be seen in the background of the photograph at the left, while Humble is demonstrating to young students on the right.</text>
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                <text>c.1966–67</text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer, Tristram Cary with the EMS Synthi AKS in his studio at Fressingfield</text>
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                <text>LP Record and Score</text>
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                <text>35mm film &#13;
&#13;
This photo shows Tristram Cary adjusting a knob on an EMS Synthi AKS portable synthesizer in the window of his studio. In the background is his Bechstein piano. This photograph was taken while Cary was composing the music for  'Divertimento'.</text>
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                <text>early 1970s</text>
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                <text>Courtesy John Cary</text>
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                <text>Reproduced with permission from Tristram Cary Estate </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Felix Werder, Ian Bonighton, Keith Humble and Ron Nagorcka (clockwise from top left) with the LP 'Reverberations'</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Electronic Music</text>
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                <text>Felix Werder, Ian Bonighton, Keith Humble and Ron Nagorcka with the newly released LP Reverberations, c. 1973.  The LP included 'Cathedral Music 1' by Ian Bonighton, 'Toccata' by Felix Werder, 'Theme and Variations' by Ron Nagorcka, and 'Paraphrase ‘In Five’ + Mass = Statico 2' by Keith Humble. Humble’s Mass was the only electronic work in an album of acoustic experimentation.</text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Image courtesy Agnes Dodds</text>
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                <text>1973</text>
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                <text>Agnes Dodds</text>
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                <text>Detail from University of Melbourne Gazette, December 1971, p.2</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Electronic Music</text>
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                <text>Milton Babbitt, American composer and Professor of Music at Princeton University, was invited as the international expert to the seminar 'The State of the Art of Electronic Music in Australia' at the University of Melbourne in 1971. This photograph, from the University of Melbourne Gazette, shows Babbitt, with local artist Stan Ostoja-Kotowski (left) and Keith Humble (right), in the Grainger Centre.&#13;
&#13;
Babbitt was hired as a consultant composer to work with the RCA Mark II Synthesizer at the Princeton-Columbia Electronic Music Centre. Babbitt was fascinated by the perceptual possibilities of the new world of electronic sound and human interaction.&#13;
&#13;
While Babbitt, was at the 1971 seminar ‘The State of the Art of Electronic Music in Australia’, he gave two extensive lectures on the topic of electronic music. He spoke at length about the unique possibilities of synthesized music. He observed:&#13;
“Now you sit in front of the synthesizer, you specify something, you are probably extrapolating from your normal experience of music. You ask for something, you hear it, it may be what you expected but very often it is not because we know so little about the perceptual in music that we are scarcely in a position to extrapolate from the available experience from conventional, traditional instruments. And the wonderful thing about the synthesizer and its only advantage over the computer, its sole advantage, is that you do this with your ear at that moment; in other words, you specify something and then you draw this paper roll by hand under these brushes which scan them and you can listen and you can hear it – if you’ve gotten what you thought you wanted to get. If you don’t, you try again, and you try again, and you try again, on the basis of a combination of experience and hope… As a result a great deal of primary research with regard to how we hear music - not how we hear tones, but the testing both of errors, time order errors in the traditional sense, and simply how we hear music - have been accomplished.”&#13;
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                <text>Unknown photographer</text>
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                <text>University of Melbourne Gazette, December 1971; Grainger Museum Archive 2017/23-4/5</text>
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                <text>December 1971</text>
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                <text>Keith Humble at the Grainger Museum with improvisation instruments</text>
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                <text>Improvisation</text>
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                <text>This image of Keith Humble, originally published in Post's World of Entertainment Review, shows him with some of his improvisation equipment, freeing music from traditional constraints.</text>
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                <text>Unknown photographer</text>
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                <text>Image courtesy John Whiteoak</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>c. 1970s</text>
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