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                <text>Percy Grainger, 1904&#13;
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                <text>Objects of Fame: Nellie Melba and Percy Grainger</text>
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                <text>Paris-based Australian painter, Rupert Bunny, was commissioned by Percy Grainger to paint this portrait in the first few years of the young musician’s professional career. Bunny depicted Grainger holding a sheet of music and focussed attention on his youthful charisma. Grainger became acquainted with Bunny through Nellie Melba. Bunny had painted a full-length portrait of her a few years earlier.&#13;
&#13;
Artist Jacques-Émile Blanche, a friend of Bunny, described meeting Grainger in 1902. ‘Stupified’ by the encounter, Blanche characterised Grainger as a ‘steely-eyed archangel with the most admirable profile, a lopsided mouth, red as a cactus, and golden hair’.</text>
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                <text>Painting by Rupert Bunny</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum, University of Melbourne</text>
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                <text>1904</text>
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                <text>Ian Bonighton, Ring modulator diagram, 1969</text>
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                <text>Electronic music</text>
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                <text>This is a diagram drawn by composer Ian Bonighton of a ring modulator, used in electronic music. Bonighton's 1969 Master of Music included a section on Electronic Equipment used in composition, and he included circuit diagrams of the ring modulator and theramin in the thesis.</text>
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                <text>Ian Bonighton</text>
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                <text>Grainger Museum Archive, 2017/23</text>
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                <text>Ian Bonighton</text>
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                <text>Keith Humble at the Grainger Museum with improvisation instruments</text>
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                <text>This image of Keith Humble, originally published in Post's World of Entertainment Review, shows him with some of his improvisation equipment, freeing music from traditional constraints.</text>
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                <text>Image courtesy John Whiteoak</text>
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                <text>c. 1970s</text>
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                <text>Newspaper clipping, John Sinclair, 'Sound in its fury', about Karlheinz Stockhausen,  Melbourne Herald, 1970</text>
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                <text>German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), described as the ‘most controversial musical innovator of our time’, has influenced many musicians, inside and outside of the avant-garde music scene. Rock musicians including Frank Zappa, Peter Townshend, Jerry Garcia and Björk, and Jazz musicians including Miles Davis, George Russell, Anthony Braxton and Charles Mingus, all name Stockhausen as a major influence. The Beatles included a portrait of Stockhausen on the front cover of their album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, in 1967.&#13;
&#13;
Stockhausen visited Australia for ten days in April 1970. He gave concert-lectures on electronic music around the country, including three programs in Wilson Hall, at the University of Melbourne. Delivered through a battery of speakers, Stockhausen’s electronic music ‘transformed Wilson Hall into a vast and sometimes terrifying acoustic cave’, according to a local newspaper. Performances included his Telemusik (1966). The Grainger Centre electronic music enthusiasts, including Keith Humble, Ian Bonighton and Agnes Dodds, helped set up Wilson Hall with the electronic equipment. Stockhausen was apparently very demanding, and Wilson Hall was not the ideal venue, with not enough powerpoints for all the equipment.</text>
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                <text>German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen  visited Australia for ten days in April 1970. He gave concert-lectures on electronic music around the country, including three programs in Wilson Hall, at the University of Melbourne. Delivered through a battery of speakers, Stockhausen’s electronic music ‘transformed Wilson Hall into a vast and sometimes terrifying acoustic cave’, according to a local newspaper. Performances included his Telemusik (1966). The Grainger Centre electronic music enthusiasts, including Keith Humble, Ian Bonighton and Agnes Dodds, helped set up Wilson Hall with the electronic equipment. Stockhausen was apparently very demanding, and Wilson Hall was not the ideal venue, with not enough powerpoints for all the equipment.</text>
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                <text>University of Melbourne Conservatorium of Music</text>
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                <text>Karlheinz Stockhausen: Telemusik/Mixtur, 1969, LP record, Deutsche Grammophon, Germany</text>
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                <text>The cover of the LP "Karlheinz Stockhausen: Telemusik/Mixtur", published in 1969 by Deutsche Grammophon, Germany.&#13;
German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), described as the ‘most controversial musical innovator of our time’, has influenced many musicians, inside and outside of the avant-garde music scene. Rock musicians including Frank Zappa, Peter Townshend, Jerry Garcia and Björk, and Jazz musicians including Miles Davis, George Russell, Anthony Braxton and Charles Mingus, all name Stockhausen as a major influence. The Beatles included a portrait of Stockhausen on the front cover of their album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, in 1967.&#13;
&#13;
Stockhausen visited Australia for ten days in April 1970. He gave concert-lectures on electronic music around the country, including three programs in Wilson Hall, at the University of Melbourne. Delivered through a battery of speakers, Stockhausen’s electronic music ‘transformed Wilson Hall into a vast and sometimes terrifying acoustic cave’, according to a local newspaper. Performances included his Telemusik (1966). The Grainger Centre electronic music enthusiasts, including Keith Humble, Ian Bonighton and Agnes Dodds, helped set up Wilson Hall with the electronic equipment. Stockhausen was apparently very demanding, and Wilson Hall was not the ideal venue, with not enough powerpoints for all the equipment.&#13;
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                <text>Detail from University of Melbourne Gazette, December 1971, p.2</text>
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                <text>Electronic Music</text>
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                <text>Milton Babbitt, American composer and Professor of Music at Princeton University, was invited as the international expert to the seminar 'The State of the Art of Electronic Music in Australia' at the University of Melbourne in 1971. This photograph, from the University of Melbourne Gazette, shows Babbitt, with local artist Stan Ostoja-Kotowski (left) and Keith Humble (right), in the Grainger Centre.&#13;
&#13;
Babbitt was hired as a consultant composer to work with the RCA Mark II Synthesizer at the Princeton-Columbia Electronic Music Centre. Babbitt was fascinated by the perceptual possibilities of the new world of electronic sound and human interaction.&#13;
&#13;
While Babbitt, was at the 1971 seminar ‘The State of the Art of Electronic Music in Australia’, he gave two extensive lectures on the topic of electronic music. He spoke at length about the unique possibilities of synthesized music. He observed:&#13;
“Now you sit in front of the synthesizer, you specify something, you are probably extrapolating from your normal experience of music. You ask for something, you hear it, it may be what you expected but very often it is not because we know so little about the perceptual in music that we are scarcely in a position to extrapolate from the available experience from conventional, traditional instruments. And the wonderful thing about the synthesizer and its only advantage over the computer, its sole advantage, is that you do this with your ear at that moment; in other words, you specify something and then you draw this paper roll by hand under these brushes which scan them and you can listen and you can hear it – if you’ve gotten what you thought you wanted to get. If you don’t, you try again, and you try again, and you try again, on the basis of a combination of experience and hope… As a result a great deal of primary research with regard to how we hear music - not how we hear tones, but the testing both of errors, time order errors in the traditional sense, and simply how we hear music - have been accomplished.”&#13;
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                <text>University of Melbourne Gazette, December 1971; Grainger Museum Archive 2017/23-4/5</text>
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                <text>December 1971</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Grainger Centre electronic equipment display in the Synthesizers: Sound of the Future exhibition</text>
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