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                <text>Caribbean</text>
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            <text>1955</text>
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            <text>Beckles, H. (2021) &lt;i&gt;How Britain Underdeveloped the Caribbean: A Reparation Response to Europe’s Legacy of Plunder and Poverty&lt;/i&gt;. University of the West Indies Press. &lt;a href="https://www.uwipress.com/9789766408695/how-britain-underdeveloped-the-caribbean/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.uwipress.com/9789766408695/how-britain-underdeveloped-the-caribbean/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;div class="csl-bib-body"&gt;&#13;
&lt;div data-csl-entry-id="bf159e06-6c33-3946-9022-27202d7551ed" class="csl-entry"&gt;Beckles, H. (2021). The University and Slavery: Reflections upon the History and Future of the University of the West Indies. In J. Bhabha, M. Matache, &amp;amp; C. Elkins (Eds.), &lt;i&gt;Time for Reparations: A Global Perspective&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 75–82). University of Pennsylvania Press. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1f45q96.9"&gt;https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1f45q96.9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;div class="csl-bib-body"&gt;&#13;
&lt;div data-csl-entry-id="1a9e254f-5b61-33e4-9e60-54b9c1a53d8e" class="csl-entry"&gt;Beckles, H. (2021). The Great Durban Betrayal: Global Africa, Reparations, and the End of Pan-Africanism. In A. Adebajo (Ed.), &lt;i&gt;The Pan-African Pantheon: Prophets, Poets, and Philosophers&lt;/i&gt; (pp. 58–70). Manchester University Press. &lt;a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2vm39mv.6"&gt;http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2vm39mv.6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (2020). An Epistemic museum for modernity. &lt;i&gt;Overland&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;em&gt;240&lt;/em&gt;, 49–51. &lt;a href="https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-240/feature-an-epistemic-museum-for-modernity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-240/feature-an-epistemic-museum-for-modernity/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (2019). Running in Jamaica: A Slavery Ecosystem. &lt;i&gt;The William and Mary Quarterly&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;76&lt;/i&gt;(1), 9–14. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.76.1.0009"&gt;https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.76.1.0009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (2017) 'An Unfeeling Traffick', In &lt;i&gt;The Intercolonial Movement of Slaves in the British Caribbean,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;em&gt; 1807-1833&lt;/em&gt;. Yale University Press.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (2013) &lt;i&gt;Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide&lt;/i&gt;. UWI Press. &lt;a href="https://www.uwipress.com/9789766402686/britains-black-debt/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.uwipress.com/9789766402686/britains-black-debt/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. and Shepherd, V., (2013) &lt;i&gt;Trading Souls: Europe's Transatlantic Trade in Africans. &lt;/i&gt;Ian Randle Publishers. &lt;a href="https://ianrandlepublishers.com/product/trading-souls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://ianrandlepublishers.com/product/trading-souls/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. and Shepherd, V., (2013), &lt;i&gt;Saving Souls: The Struggle to end the Transatlantic Trade in Africans. &lt;/i&gt;Ian Randle Publishers. &lt;a href="https://ianrandlepublishers.com/product/saving-souls-the-struggle-to-end-the-transatlantic-trade-in-africans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://ianrandlepublishers.com/product/saving-souls-the-struggle-to-end-the-transatlantic-trade-in-africans/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p class="nuc-modal-body__citation-content nuc-modal-body__citation-data nuc-modal-body__citation-data--indent"&gt;Beckles, H. (2007). The Wilberforce Song: How Enslaved Caribbean Blacks Heard British Abolitionists. &lt;i&gt;Parliamentary History&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;26&lt;/i&gt;(4), 113–126. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1353/pah.2007.0029"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1353/pah.2007.002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
Beckles, H. (2004). &lt;i&gt;Liberties Lost&lt;/i&gt;: Th&lt;i&gt;e Indigenous Caribbean and Slave Systems. &lt;/i&gt;Ian Randle Publishers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (2004). &lt;i&gt;Great House Rules. &lt;/i&gt;Ian Randle Publishers,&#13;
&lt;p class="nuc-modal-body__citation-content nuc-modal-body__citation-data nuc-modal-body__citation-data--indent"&gt;Beckles, H. (1997). Capitalism, Slavery and Caribbean Modernity. &lt;i&gt;Callaloo&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;20&lt;/i&gt;(4), 777–789. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.1997.0070"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1353/cal.1997.0070&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
Beckles, H. (1993). &lt;i&gt;Caribbean Freedom. &lt;/i&gt;Ian Randle Publishers,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (1989) &lt;i&gt;Natural rebels: a social history of enslaved black women in Barbados. &lt;/i&gt;Zed Books.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (1989). &lt;i&gt;White servitude and Black slavery in Barbados. &lt;/i&gt;University of Tennessee Press.</text>
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&lt;div class="gs_citr" tabindex="0"&gt;Davis, A. J., Daniels, R., Jackson Sr, J., Glover, D., Hutchinson, E. O., Lee, S. J., ... &amp;amp; National African American Reparations Commission. (2024). &lt;i&gt;Reparations and Reparatory Justice: Past, Present, and Future&lt;/i&gt;. University of Illinois Press. &lt;a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jj.11498415"&gt;http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jj.11498415&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;Araujo, A. L. (2023). How Britain Underdeveloped the Caribbean: A Reparation Response to Europe’s Legacy of Plunder and Poverty, by Hilary McD. Beckles. &lt;i&gt;New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;97&lt;/i&gt;(1-2), 216-217. &lt;a href="https://brill.com/view/journals/nwig/97/1-2/article-p216_50.xml"&gt;https://brill.com/view/journals/nwig/97/1-2/article-p216_50.xml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;div class="csl-bib-body"&gt;&#13;
&lt;div data-csl-entry-id="e05e63c3-e9a1-3c71-bd9e-af0d82766620" class="csl-entry"&gt;DaCosta, K., Grey, M. N., &amp;amp; Beckles, H. (2022). Sir Hilary Beckles in Conversation. &lt;i&gt;American Journal of Irish Studies&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;17&lt;/i&gt;, 39–61. &lt;a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27290674"&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/27290674&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;div class="gs_citr"&gt;Mohammed, P. (2000). ‘But most of all mi love me browning’: The Emergence in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Jamaica of the Mulatto Woman as the Desired. &lt;i&gt;Feminist Review&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;65&lt;/i&gt;(1), 22-48. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/014177800406921" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/014177800406921&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;div class="gs_citr"&gt;Mair, L. M. (2006). &lt;i&gt;A historical study of women in Jamaica: 1655-1844&lt;/i&gt;. University of the West Indies Press.&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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            <text>Beckles, H. (October 24, 2024). Global calls for reparations are only growing louder. Why is Britain still digging in its heels?. &lt;em&gt;The Guardian&lt;/em&gt;. Accessed March 25, 2025. &lt;a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/24/britain-caribbean-slave-trade-commonwealth-summit"&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/24/britain-caribbean-slave-trade-commonwealth-summit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beckles, H. (July 3, 2024). Slave trade and women: a forgotten history. The UNESCO Courier. Accessed March 25, 2025. &lt;a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/slave-trade-and-women-forgotten-history"&gt;https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/slave-trade-and-women-forgotten-history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zeinab Badawi speaks to the eminent histo&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;ian professor Sir Hilary Beckles in Barbados'. Sir Hilary Beckles: Reparations for slavery (August 2, 2021). HARDtalk. BBC Sounds. Accessed May 31, 2023.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3ct1n61" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3ct1n61&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ca&lt;/i&gt;r&lt;i&gt;ribbean Reparation Commission. &lt;/i&gt;Homepage. Accessed May 31, 2023. &lt;a href="https://caricomreparations.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://caricomreparations.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Repairing the nation: The Meaning of reparations to Global Africa - Professor Sir Hilary Beckles (January 17, 2014). University of Johannesburg YouTube Channel. YouTube. Accessed December 10, 2022. &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEvltuAensY" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEvltuAensY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reparation Prime Ministers (August 6, 2016). UWITV. YouTube. Accessed December 10, 2022. &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uOlEpfsPB0&amp;amp;t=497s" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uOlEpfsPB0&amp;amp;t=497s&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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