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                  <text>The University of Melbourne's Parkville campus was established in 1853. Originally it was an area of swampland which had been a food gathering area for local Wurundjeri people. After being fenced to exclude outsiders, the campus became a picturesque landscaped park into which more and more individual buildings were added. The Quadrangle, the Lake and the System Garden were the earliest developments on the University of Melbourne Parkville campus.</text>
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                <text>Established in 1856, "In the north-west corner of the site (campus grounds) was another striking feature, the system garden, a botanical garden created by Bateman and the Professor of Natural Science, Fredrick McCoy." (Goad &amp; Tibbits, 2003, pp. 15). </text>
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                <text>Landscape Architect Edward La Trobe Bateman with Professor Fredrick McCoy</text>
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                    <text>The north- west corner link of the education precinct.</text>
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                    <text>Visualisations of the pedestrian experience between the buildings</text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130080" target="_blank" title="University of Melbourne master plan report 1991" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1991&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>In the decade after the adoption of the first master plan, and expansion of the University across Swanston St,&amp;nbsp; there was a gradual slowing of building but the University acquired more site around the campus which were already developed. The sites included the Melbourne Teachers' College, with the refurbishment and restoration of the 1888 building and the University Square precinct. Throughout the 1990s various architects made additions to numerous existing buildings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Master Plan 1970 was revised in 1981, the progress was reviewed and necessary changes were made as per new demands. Later in 1991 another master plan was proposed by Mortlock that integrated the Teachers' College site and University Square precinct. Finally, the Master Plan 2008 was released with a new vision and image proposed by the University Master Planner, Daryl Jackson, appointed in 1997.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://cat2.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b7583501~S30" target="_blank" title="Architecture on Campus, Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Architecture on Campus, Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130078" target="_blank" title="The University of Melbourne master plan report 1970" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The University of Melbourne master plan report 1970&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130079" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1981&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130080" target="_blank" title="University of Melbourne master plan report 1991" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1991&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/113577" target="_blank" title="The University of Melbourne Parkville Master Plan 2008 prepared by Daryl Jackson" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The University of Melbourne Parkville Master Plan 2008 prepared by Daryl Jackson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130080" target="_blank" title="University of Melbourne master plan report 1991" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1991&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>In March 1971 the Council of the University of Melbourne gave authority for the release of the University of Melbourne Master Plan Report 1970 under the seal of the University. The principles of the 1970 Report have governed the development of the University grounds since that time.&#13;
&#13;
In 1981 it was thought desirable to review the Master Plan's first ten years, and to record the changes to buildings and grounds which had occurred under its control during that period. The result was the University of Melbourne Master Plan Report, 1981. The 1981 Report endorsed and&#13;
recapitulated the essentials of the 1970 Report.&#13;
&#13;
The Master Plan Report 1991 fittingly marks the close of the Master Plan's second decade and looks forward to its third. The 1991 Report is divided into three parts, as follows:&#13;
&#13;
Part A: The Education Precinct&#13;
Part B: The Recreational Grounds Reserve&#13;
Part C: Review of planning developments"&#13;
&#13;
(University of Melbourne Master Plan, 1991)</text>
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                  <text>The University of Melbourne's Parkville campus was established in 1853. Originally it was an area of swampland which had been a food gathering area for local Wurundjeri people. After being fenced to exclude outsiders, the campus became a picturesque landscaped park into which more and more individual buildings were added. The Quadrangle, the Lake and the System Garden were the earliest developments on the University of Melbourne Parkville campus.</text>
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                  <text>The Great Depression of the 1890s, which hit Australia in 1892, impacted the University through a substantial reduction in annual government grants. The existing buildings received little to no maintenance and there were no funds for new buildings until the end of the decade. &#13;
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                <text>Several master plans were proposed by the Professor of Agriculture, Thomas Cherry and Professor of Anatomy, Richard Berr.&amp;nbsp; Eventually, an architect, George de Lacy Evans, was hired to propose another master plan. None of these plans were ever implemented. It was later decided to consult the Government Architect.</text>
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                    <text>Aerial view south across colleges, oval and university with city and suburbs in background. Beaurepaire Centre is under construction and additional storeys are being added to New Arts (Babel) building. Inscription: 'Airspy Photo' (C.D. Pratt, Essendon) stamp on back.</text>
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                  <text>During the Second World War, there was no new building built on the Parkville campus. The Vice-Chancellor, John Medley, urged the University to think ahead and plan for the next fifty years. John Medley had grand visions for the extension of campus, restructuring university education and the division of campus. However, due to a lack of resources, funding and material, many of these bold ideas were not realised. &#13;
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                <text>Aerial view of the campus taken in 1956 from the north of the campus with colleges, oval and university with city and suburbs in background. The Beaurepaire Centre is under construction and additional storeys are being added to New Arts (Babel) building. The new Wilson Hall is already built.</text>
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                    <text>Redmond Barry was one of the buildings that were built as per the conceptual master plan by Brian Lewis.</text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/224904" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/11343/224904&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>During the Second World War, there was no new building built on the Parkville campus. The Vice-Chancellor, John Medley, urged the University to think ahead and plan for the next fifty years. John Medley had grand visions for the extension of campus, restructuring university education and the division of campus. However, due to a lack of resources, funding and material, many of these bold ideas were not realised. &#13;
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                <text>Professor of Architecture, Brian Lewis proposed a master plan in 1948. He proposed that all tall buildings should act as the perimeter of the campus site to keep the traditional centre of the University open. &lt;br /&gt;Another radical move in his plan was that no faculty would have their own building, instead each department would be allocated a floor space in one of these tall, almost continuous slab blocks. Today, the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/13" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Redmond Barry building&lt;/a&gt; is the only remaining remnant of this strategy.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://cat.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b7583501~S30" target="_blank" title="Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                  <text>In the decade after the adoption of the first master plan, and expansion of the University across Swanston St,&amp;nbsp; there was a gradual slowing of building but the University acquired more site around the campus which were already developed. The sites included the Melbourne Teachers' College, with the refurbishment and restoration of the 1888 building and the University Square precinct. Throughout the 1990s various architects made additions to numerous existing buildings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Master Plan 1970 was revised in 1981, the progress was reviewed and necessary changes were made as per new demands. Later in 1991 another master plan was proposed by Mortlock that integrated the Teachers' College site and University Square precinct. Finally, the Master Plan 2008 was released with a new vision and image proposed by the University Master Planner, Daryl Jackson, appointed in 1997.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://cat2.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b7583501~S30" target="_blank" title="Architecture on Campus, Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Architecture on Campus, Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130078" target="_blank" title="The University of Melbourne master plan report 1970" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The University of Melbourne master plan report 1970&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130079" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1981&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/130080" target="_blank" title="University of Melbourne master plan report 1991" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;University of Melbourne master plan report 1991&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/113577" target="_blank" title="The University of Melbourne Parkville Master Plan 2008 prepared by Daryl Jackson" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The University of Melbourne Parkville Master Plan 2008 prepared by Daryl Jackson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>A shared path running in the east-west direction, connecting Swanston Street to the central section of the campus, Masson Road took its shape as a street during the rectangularisation of the campus in the 1930s. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The street had existed before, but was an unpaved path, connecting the buildings and the landscapes in the campus. During the construction of the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/27" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;New Chemistry Building&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/15" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Old Commerce building&lt;/a&gt;, Masson Road was straightened, and aligned with Elisabeth Murdoch Buildings, Peter Hall Building, Old Geology Building, New Chemistry Building, Old Commerce building and later the Architecture building. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the increase in the use of vehicles, Masson Road became a vehicular street along with the other streets in the campus and used to have parked cars along its length. After the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Master Plan 1970&lt;/a&gt;, Masson Road was re-paved with bricks, in an attempt to recreate the shared paths as the unifying element throughout the campus.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://cat2.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b7583501~S30" target="_blank" title="Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://cat2.lib.unimelb.edu.au:443/record=b1278245~S30" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The University of Melbourne landscape, 1981&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Critical Moment: &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/exhibits/show/criticalmoments/pedestrian-to-vehicular-to-ped" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Pedestrianisation&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Site for Chemistry building, "as seen from the eastern aspe of Wilson Hall on the second day of work by the Contractor", with lake partly filled in, and the bluestone kerbing pitchers being removed for use elsewhere. Zoology building and colleges in background.</text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/63267" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/11343/63267&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/330345" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/11343/330345&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>The Lake completely filled and converted into Union Lawn later called Concrete lawn with completed New Chemistry Building. </text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/330317" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/11343/330317&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>&lt;a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/111289" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/11343/111289&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The period from 1920 to 1945 witnessed three major shifts in the development of the campus. Firstly, the Public Works Department (PWD) became the equivalent of the University Architect, responsible for all major government-funded projects. &#13;
&#13;
Secondly, there were attempts made to 'rectangularise' the arrangements of the buildings, roads and paths. The original site of the new Chemistry building was moved northwards to align with Geology, which meant that the new site was partially situated over the exisiting lake, and a part of the lake filled. As a result, the lake, which had been the location of much student activity and a focal point of the campus,  had, by the 1930s,  lost most of its picturesque appeal.&#13;
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The third major shift was the move towards Modernism. The New Chemistry building represented an increased commitment to Modernism in architecture, and the first evident design of the modernist style was the proposal by Philip Hudson for the Union House extension, which was influenced by the style and character of the old National Museum that it extended — especially the straw-coloured bricks used by Joseph Reed in 1863.</text>
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                <text>The picturesque &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/exhibits/show/criticalmoments/item/18" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Lake&lt;/a&gt; was incrementally filled and eventually converted into the Union Lawn. The filling of the lake began during the construction of the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/27" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;New Chemistry Building&lt;/a&gt; in 1930s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The New Chemistry Building was supposed to be built in a more southerly location but it was moved during the phase of the rectangularisation of campus. As a result, the edge of the New Chemistry Building was aligned with the Old Geology Building from the south edge, which meant the new site sat on the existing lake. That portion of the lake was later filled in. Later, a portion of the eastern edge was filled during the construction of the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/17" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Old Commerce building&lt;/a&gt; and hence the lake became smaller and smaller and eventually filled in and converted into a lawn, named after the &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/items/show/15" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Union House&lt;/a&gt; that sat in the western edge of the lawn.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://cat.lib.unimelb.edu.au/record=b7583501~S30" target="_blank" title="Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Architecture on Campus / Philip Goad &amp;amp; George Tibbits&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Predecessor: &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/exhibits/show/criticalmoments/item/18" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;The Lake&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Critical Moment: &lt;a href="https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/constructing-change/exhibits/show/criticalmoments/the-lake-converted-into-concre" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Filling of the Lake&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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